南航环保网: 组织

世界环保组织机构与环保大奖

Mon, 22 May 2006 21:33:50 GMT

世界环保组织机构与环保大奖
　　近些年来，全球性环境问题日趋严重。大气污染加剧、酸雨范围扩大、淡水资源短缺、水土流失和沙漠化面积扩大、森林资源锐减、野生动植物物种减少、臭氧层耗损、危险废物扩散和全球气候变暖等，都给人类生存与发展构成了严重威胁。随着环境的恶化，全球环境保护问题越来越引起国际社会的注意。它对人类的思维方式、发展模式、生活及消费方式产生着重要的影响。正是在这一背景下，形形式式的世界环境保护组织、机构与世界环境保护大奖应运而生。
　　一、世界环境保护组织、机构
　　70年代初，联合国第一次世界环境会议的召开以及罗马俱乐部关于《向增长敲起警钟》报告的发表，大大提高了人们的环境保护意识，极大地推动了世界各国绿色运动的发展，世界环境保护组织机构之后日益增多壮大。
　　1、联合国环境规划署联合国环境规划署成立于1973年1月，是领导世界环境保护运动的专门机构。环境署包括环境理事会、环境秘书处和环境基金，负责协调各国在环境领域的活动。成立20年来，领导了一系列卓有成效的环境保护运动。每年颁发“全球500佳”以表彰环境先进组织和个人，并在每年“地球日”和世界环境日”开展一系列活动，成功地举办了巴西环境与发展大会，发表了一系列著名的宣言和报告，使国际社会签订了多项保护环境的协议和公约。
　　2、国际环境情报网联合国于1973年1月建立该情报网，主要包括全球环境监测系统（1979年我国正式参加）和国际环境资料来源查询系统。监测系统拥有143个国家的3万名科学家和技术人员，他们通过人造地球卫星等现代化工具昼夜监视着气候的变化、污染及其对健康、自然资源和海洋的影响。查询系统包括分布于129个国家的6000个机构和600个数据库，每年要回答世界各国一万多条有关环境的查询，为各国了解全球的环境状况，采取环境行动提供宝贵的科学依据。
　　3、绿色和平组织 1970年由工程师麦克塔格特发起成立于加拿大，原为小组。1971年小组派象征和平和健康环境的“绿色和平”号船前往北冰洋中的阿姆奇特卡岛，抗议美国在那里进行核试验。之后，该小组改称为绿色和平基金会，1979年该组织在荷兰正式成立。绿色和平组织主要是通过包括冒险行为在内的实际行动保护环境，以期拯救地球。迄今已发动过大量支持裁军、消除核武器与核军舰的和平运动，也进行着反污染、反转嫁污染、反捕鲸、反对在南极进行商业活动、反对焚烧固体危险废料、反对捕杀袋鼠、保护海洋生物等多种保护环境和维护生态平衡的工作。绿色和平组织已在25个国家设有办事处，1993年有430万人为其捐款。作为国际性民间组织，其在环境保护运动中的意义和作用不同凡响。
　　4、绿党西方的绿党，主要是在80年代以后逐步发展起来的。首先在原联邦德国出现，并于1980年1月成为政党。目前，在美国、英国、比利时、荷兰、瑞典、法国、意大利、奥地利、卢森堡等国都已成立了绿党。各国绿党以保护环境、反对核战、维护和平为纲领。由于绿党最关心的是环境问题，因而也被称为环境党。在西方绿党现已逐渐被社会所认识，并经过大选陆续进入议会，直接参与政府决策。
　　5、西欧保护生态青年组织该组织于1988年9月成立于比利时的列日，由法国、英国、比利时、葡萄牙、西班牙和瑞典等西欧国家的保护生态青年组织组成，其宗旨是以联合欧洲的意识把各国保护生态青年组织团结起来，促进西欧青年对自然环境的重视，鼓励进行生态研究并促进西欧青年的相互了解。
　　6．国际自然和自然资源保护协会该协会是由各国政府、非政府机构、科学工作者及自然保护专家联合组成，致力于保护自然环境和生物种群。该组织设有濒于绝灭物种、国家公园和保护区、生态学、环境规划、环境政策、法律和环境教育等六个委员会，共有科学家和专业人员700多人。我国于1980年参加。
　　二、世界环境保护大奖
　　为了表彰在环境保护领域作出显著贡献和成就的国家或个人，国际上设立了多个环境保护大奖。
　　1．笹川国际环境奖这项国际环境奖创立于1972年，是联合国对在环境领域作出杰出贡献的机构和个人的奖励，1976年首次颁奖。1982年，日本造船业笹川良一基金会为此赞助100万美元，故又称为笹川国际环境奖。该奖是联合国环境最高奖。在1992年里约热内卢环境与发展大会上联合国将该奖授予了我国环保局局长曲格平教授。
　　2．萨萨卡瓦国际环境奖该奖由日本造船工业基金会于1984年设立，联合国环境规划署颁发。
　　3．环境成就金奖此奖每年颁发一次，授予建立完备的环境政策体系，明确执行并做出显著成绩的跨国公司。
　　4．绿色运动奖此奖由位于美国旧金山市的戈德曼环境基金会于1990年设立。它用每人6万美元的奖金奖励世界各国为保护环境和改善环境而不懈努力的基层工作者。
　　5．诺贝尔地球奖这个奖由诺贝尔家族于1991年设立。该奖分为6种，根据当年世界环境的变化而改变，但其中的“地球道德奖”永不改变。

环保网站友情连接（英文版）

Wed, 12 Apr 2006 03:41:13 GMT

Nationally Related Biodiversity Website:
Conserving China's biodiversity: http://www.chinabiodiversity.com
Friends of Nature: http://www.fon.org.cn/
Green Time: http://www.cinic.org.cn/green/
China Environment and Development Information: http://www.enviroinfo.org.cn/
Oriental Environment: http://www.ee65.com.cn/pub/gb/2001/06/11/dfhj/home.htm
Bibliography on Sustainable Development:
http://www.sdinfo.net.cn/wenxian/content/baohuq.htm
Green Web: http://www.green-web.org/aboutus.htm
Pulse Web -Nature And Human Beings:
http://www.maibo.com.cn/hubdoors/0011/list1_0011.asp?ID=00110007
Human Loneliness: http://www.oyo.com.cn/topics/culture/animal/
Knowing Wild Animals: http://www.tesri.gov.tw/knowthem/
China Animals and Plants Protection: http://www.ipmchina.cn.net/ipm/ipm_c.html
China Environmental Protection International: http://www.65.com.cn/
China Environmental Protection:http://www.chinaenvironment.com/
China Environmental Protection: http://www.zhb.gov.cn/index6.htm
China Popular Science Overview: http://www.kepu.com.cn/
Typical Cultivate Life-form Conversation Committee, CAS:
http://www1.im.ac.cn/typecc/index.html
China's Biodiversity Information System: http://cbis.brim.ac.cn/
China's Biodiversity and Natural Protection Information Web:
http://www.nies.org/biodiv/chm_main.htm
China Wildlife-plant: http://www.wildlife-plant.gov.cn/

Chinese Nature Reserve Information Share System:
http://www.nies.org/biodiv/issnr/index.htm

Government agencies:
State Bureau of Environmental Protection: http://www.zhb.gov.cn/sepa/nature/natureindex.htm
National Bureau of Oceanography: http://www.soa.gov.cn/kepu/index.html

Provincial institutions
Fujian Environmental Protection: http://fjepb.fj.cn.net/fjepb/zlhj.htm
Guilin Environmental Protection: http://www.gll-gx.org.cn/hb/zrsht.htm
Anhui Environment: http://www.aepb.gov.cn/
Beijing Wildlife Protection: http://www.bwca.com.cn/
Shanghai Window of Environmental Protection: http://www.sh-ep.com.cn/
Sichuan Environmental Supervision and Measure Center:
http://www.scemc.org.cn/html/cswd.html
Taiwan Birds: http://taiwan.yam.org.tw/tbc/
Taiwan Nature Protection : http://wagner.zo.ntu.edu.tw/preserve/
Wuhan Environmental Supervision and Measure Center:
http://www.whepb.gov.cn/jiancezhan/hjkpzs/kpzs.htm
Xiamen Environmental Supervision and Measure Center:
http://www.xmems.org.cn/creature/index.htm
Ecology and Biodiversity Department of Hongkong University: http://www.hku.hk/ecology/
Hongkong Bird Watch System: http://www.hkbws.org.hk/
Hongkong Fishing and Farming Natural Protection Bureau : http://www.afcd.gov.hk/web/
Xinjiang Environmental Protection: http://public.xj.cninfo.net/huanbao/xjepb.htm
Stories of Xinjiang Wild Animals: http://public.xj.cninfo.net/huanbao/wild/
Web of Wildlife: http://www.wow.org.tw/

Nature reserves:
Baishanzu National Nature Reserve: http://www.nre.com.cn/hd/12/01.htm

Species
World Wildlife Fund for a living planet http://www.worldwildlife.org/science/ecoregions/g200.cfm
Conserving Black-necked Crane:
http://greenmail.126.com/
Beijing Window of Popular Science: http://www.bjkp.gov.cn/kxbl/smqy/kp0824.htm
Beijing Milu Center: http://www.green-web.org/miluyuan/index.html
Share in Microorganism Species Resources Information: http://www.im.ac.cn/sdinfo/
Approach Nature, Approach Panda:http://www.china-panda.org/
Saving Panda: http://www.chinakol.com/panda/
Chinese Mushroom: http://www.mushroom.gov.cn/
China Microorganism Mushroom Species Conservation and Management Committee
: http://www.im.ac.cn/database/aboutccccmc.html
China Microbiology Information Network: http://www.im.ac.cn/

International organizations:
Wildlife Conservation Society: http://www.wildlifewarden.net/wcs/default.htm
The Nature Conservancy, China Programme: http://nature.org/wherewework/asiapacific/china/
Chinese Web of World Wildlife Fund: http://www.wwfchina.org/
TRAFFIC: http://www.wow.org.tw
Right Whale Dolphins Protection Foundation of Ocean Park: http://www.scuba.net.hk/oceanpark/
Environmental Protection in Heilongjiang Province: http://hb.hl.cninfo.net/

Research institutions and universities:
Literature Information Center of CAS: http://www.las.ac.cn/
Institute of Zoology, CAS: http://www.ioz.ac.cn/
Institute of Hydrobiology, CAS: http://www.ihb.ac.cn/
Institute of Microbiology, CAS: http://www.im.ac.cn/im/im.shtml
Institute of Botany, CAS: http://www.ibcas.ac.cn/
Open Research Laboratory of Quantity Vegetation Ecology, Institute of Botany, CAS:
http://www.lqve.ac.cn/newpage1.htm
Microorganism Species Resources Information of Chinese Sustainable Development Information Web: http://www.im.ac.cn/sdinfo/
Institute of Resource entomology, CAF: http://www.forestry.ac.cn/zks/zks.htm
China Society of Microbiology: http://www.im.ac.cn/im/csm/index.htm

General

BIODI - Advanced Computational Approaches to Environmental and Biodiversity Information：http://biodi.sdsc.edu

Resources for the Future Library: Biodiversity
http://www.rff.org/nat_resources/biodiversity.htm
Forests Conservation Archives and Portal http://forests.org/
Ecology from About.com http://ecology.about.com/science/ecology/
US MAB: http://www.usmab.org/; http://ice.ucdavis.edu/mab/index.html
Animal phylogeny: http://phylogeny.arizona.edu/tree/eukaryotes/animals/animals.html
The Nature Conservancy http://www.nature.org/
Australian Government's Overseas Aid Program：http://www.ausaid.gov.au

NASA's Global Change Master Directory：http://gcmd.gsfc.nasa.gov

NASA's Earth Observing System (EOS)：http://eospso.gsfc.nasa.gov

GAIA Project - A Multi-Media Tool for Natural Resources Management and Environmental Education (EU - Venezuela)
：http://cesimo.ing.ula.ve/GAIA

The Conservation Technology Support Program (CTSP) annually awards grants of equipment plus software and training to tax-exempt conservation organizations to build their Geographic Information Systems (GIS) capacity： http://www.ctsp.org

Resource Identification for a Biological Collection Information Service in Europe：http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/biocise

Island Resource Foundation - Biodiversity Conservation Program for the Eastern Caribbean：http://irf.org/irbiodiv.html

Convention

CITES http://www.cites.org/

United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change：http://www.unfccc.de

United Nations Secretariat of the Convention to Combat Desertification：http://www.unccd.ch

The Convention on Wetlands, signed in Ramsar, Iran, in 1971：http://www.ramsar.org

Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and their Disposal
：http://www.basel.int

Convention on Biological Diversity: http://www.biodiv.org/
World Heritage: http://www.unesco.org/whc/nwhc/pages/home/pages/homepage.htm

Species

SAVE THE TIGER FUND: http://www.savethetigerfund.org/CATT/

Reptiles in China (in Chinese): http://www.pxtx.com
Environment Canada Crocodilian Identification Guide:
http://www.flmnh.ufl.edu/natsci/herpetology/CITEScroc/default.htm
Endangered Big Cats: http://bigcats.care2.com/
Mammals Species of the World (MSW) http://www.nmnh.si.edu/msw/
World Species List - Animals Plants Microbes：http://envirolink.org/species

European Register of Marine Species - a research consortium funded by the European Union under the MAST (Marine Science and Technology) Program：http://erms.biol.soton.ac.uk

Biodiversity

Handbook of Convention on Biological Diversity: http://www.biodiv.org/handbook/
China Nature Image http://www.chinanatureimage.com
Implementation Office of Convention on Biological Diversity: http://www.biodiv.gov.cn

Biodiversity: Journal of Life on Earth http://www.synapse.net/~tropical/biojournal.htm
Biodiversity Series http://kaos.erin.gov.au/portfolio/esd/biodiv/about_series.html
Biodiversity, Journal of Life on Earth http://www.synapse.net/~tropical/biojournal.htm
Biodiversity Planning Support Programme: http://www.undp.org/bpsp/
Biodiversity Conservation Network http://www.bcnet.org/
Biodiversity Support Program http://www.bsponline.org/
Biodiversity Conservation in the Tropics - Gaps in Habitat Protection and Funding Priorities
ftp://ftp.wcmc.org.uk/products/wcmc.publications/6.tropics/
Biodiversity and Worldmap http://www.nhm.ac.uk/science/projects/worldmap/
Agricultural Biodiversity: Sustainable Use for Food Security http://www.ukabc.org/
In-Situ and Ex-Situ Biodiversity Conservation in the New Millennium http://www.borneo-online.com.my/intbiodconference/
Priorities for Conserving Global Species Richness and Endemism
ftp://ftp.wcmc.org.uk/products/wcmc.publications/3.priorities
BRE (2000) Ecohomes http://www.bre.co.uk/press2000/april/eco060400.html

Regional information

PestNet site: http://www.pestnet.org/plant/index.asp

New South Wales Biodiversity survey and monitoring：http://www.npws.nsw.gov.au/science/biodiv.htm

REGIONAL SITE FOR NORTH EAST AND EAST CENTRAL ASIA, Biodiversity Planning Support Programme
:http://www.bpsp-neca.brim.ac.cn/
Flora Locale's in UK http://www.naturebureau.co.uk/pages/floraloc/homepage.html
Madagascar Biodiversity and Conservation http://ridgwaydb.mobot.org/mobot/madagascar/
African Rainforests and the Conservation of Biodiversity http://www.earthwatch.org/europe/limbe/limbe.html
Guinean Forests of West Africa
http://www.conservation.org/WEB/FIELDACT/REGIONS/AFRIREG/guinea.htm
African Biodiversity: Foundation for the Future
http://www.bsponline.org/publications/showhtml.php3?17
Biodiversity Conservation in Britain: Science Replacing Tradition
http://www.eco-action.org/dt/hambler.html
Biodiversity in New Zealand
http://www.natureandco.co.nz/conservation/issues/biodiv/index_biodiv.htm
Biodiversity Profile of India http://www.wcmc.org.uk/igcmc/main.html
Non-native marine species in British waters: http://www.jncc.gov.uk/marine/dns/default.htm
Nordic Network on Introduced Species: http://www.sns.dk/natur/nnis/

Mt Elgon Integrated Conservation and Development Project http://www.mountelgon.net/

Organizations and Institutes

Green Camp: http://www.greencamp.org.cn
Wuhai Botanic Garden, Chinese Academy of Scineces: http://www.whiob.ac.cn/default.htm
IUCN:http://www.iucn.org/

UNEP World Conservation Monitoring Centre Center for Conservation and Biodiversity
http://darwin.eeb.uconn.edu/ccb/ccb.html
Invasive Species Specialist Group/IUCN: http://www.issg.org/
TRAFFIC http://www.traffic.org/
Biodiversity Assessment Programme - World Conservation Monitoring Centre
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/species/
Conservation International http://www.conservation.org/
Association for Biodiversity Information http://www.abi.org/
Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Biology - ROM:
http://www.rom.on.ca/biodiversity/cbcb/
Society for Conservation Biology -- UT Austin: http://www.utexas.edu/students/scb/
Biodiversity Group http://www.biodiversity.environment.gov.au/
International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife - IGF
http://www.wildlife-conservation.org/
The Biodiversity Center http://www.defenders.org/bio-cont.html
Conservation Fisheries, Inc. http://conservationfisheries.org/
Biodiversity - Tata Energy Research Institute http://www.teriin.org/biodiv/biodiv.htm
Aquatic Conservation Center http://Conserve-Now.org/
Seychelles Marine Conservation Expedition
http://dialspace.dial.pipex.com/town/avenue/aba60/index.shtml
Tongass Conservation Society http://www.ptialaska.net/~tongass/
Japan Environment Agency (EIC) http://www.eic.or.jp/eanet/en/index.html
Cheshire Wildlife Trust http://www.wildlifetrust.org.uk/cheshire/index.htm

Green Foundation : http://www.committedtogreen.org/

World Conservation Monitoring Center http://www.wcmc.org.uk/

Species 2000http://www.sp2000.org/

Botanical Gardens Conservation Internationa lhttp://www.rbgkew.org.uk/BGCI/

International Species Information System http://www.worldzoo.org/

World Resources Institute http://www.wri.org/

Biodiversity Information Network http://www.bdt.org.br/bin21/

Biodiversity Conservation Information System http://www.biodiversity.org/

The Nature Conservency http://www.tnc.org/

CAB International http://www.cabi.org/

National Library of Medicine, U.S. http://www.nlm.nih.gov/

ASEAN Review of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation (ARBEC)
http://www.cyberct.com.my/arbec/

Conservation International http://www.conservation.org/

The World Conservation Union http://iucn.org/

Trade Records Analysis of Fauna & Flora In Commerce http://www.traffic.org/

Wetlands International http://ngo.asiapac.net/wetlands/

World Wide Fund For Nature http://www.panda.org/home.cfm

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization http://www.unesco.org/

United Nations Environment Programme http://www.unep.org/

United Nations Development Programme http://www.undp.org/

THE MARIN COMMUNITY FOUNDATION (also http://midas.org/npo/mcf)： http://npo.marin.org

International Council for Science CODATA- Committee on Data for Science and Technology：
http://www.codata.org

Association for Biodiversity Information：http://www.abi.org

Center for Conservation Biology Network (University of California)：http://conbio.rice.edu

ICE - Information Center for the Environment (University of California)：http://ice.ucdavis.edu

CGIAR - Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research：http://www.cgiar.org

International Plant Genetic resources Institute (IPGRI)：http://www.ipgri.cgiar.org

International Organization for Plant Information： http://iopi.csu.edu.au/iopi

American Museum of Natural History： http://research.amnh.org

Institute of Development Studies - Biodiversity and conservation online:
http://nt1.ids.ac.uk/eldis/biodiv/biodiv.htm

IISD - International Institute for Sustainable Development ：http://iisd.ca

Canadian International Development Agency (ACDI-CIDA)：http://www.acdi-cida.gc.ca

The African Center for Technology Studies (ACTS) is an international inter-governmental policy research and training organization located in Nairobi, Kenya. The Center’s activities focus on the implementation of Agenda 21 and related conventions：http://www.anaserve.com/~acts

WFCC-MIRCEN World Data Center for Microorganisms (WDCM) provides a comprehensive directory of culture collections, databases on microbes and cell lines, and the gateway to biodiversity , molecular biology and genome projects： http://wdcm.nig.ac.jp

Information Systems and Databases

New Zealand insects database: http://www.landcareresearch.co.nz/research/biodiversity/invertebratesprog/invertid/index.asp
SpringerLink http://www.chinabiodiversity.com/search/reply.shtm
The NCBI Taxonomy Homepage:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/taxonomyhome.html/
Biodiversity Conservation Information System http://www.biodiversity.org/
Indigenous Peoples Biodiversity Information Network http://www.ibin.org/
Naturenet - Countryside Management & Nature Conservation http://www.naturenet.net/
CERES - The California Environmental Resources Evaluation System：http://ceres.ca.gov

Asian Network on Microbial Researches：http://salix.riken.go.jp

The Biodiversity Conservation Network： http://www.bcnet.org

CGIAR's System-wide Information Network for Genetic Resources (SINGER)：http://singer.cgiar.org

Biodiversity Action Network (BIONET)：http://www.bionet-us.org

LIFE - Australia's information service on environment and biodiversity：http://life.csu.edu.au

Protected Areas Information by WCMC http://www.wcmc.org.uk/protected_areas/data/

Tree Conservation Database by WCMC http://www.wcmc.org.uk/cgi-bin/SaCGI.cgi/trees.exe

Threatened Animals of the World by WCMC
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/species/animals/animal_redlist.html

Threatened Plants of the World by WCMC
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/threatened-plants/plants.by.taxon.html

Integrated Species Information by WCMC
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/species/data/species.html

Species Under Threat by WCMC, WWF and Chevron
http://www.wcmc.org.uk/species/data/species_sheets/

Arctic Bird Library by WCMC http://www.wcmc.org.uk/arctic/data/birds/

Forest Information Service by WCMC http://www.wcmc.org.uk/forest/data/

Marine Information by WCMC http://www.wcmc.org.uk/marine/data/

Indexing the World's Known Species by Species 2000
http://www.sp2000.org/dynamic_cl.html

International Species Information System http://www.worldzoo.org/abstract/abstract.htm

FishBase http://www.fishbase.org/search.cfm

The Pacific Rim Biodiversity Catalog http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/collections/pacrim.html

Grass Genera of the World http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/grass/index.htm

The Families of Flowering Plants http://biodiversity.uno.edu/delta/angio/index.htm

The Universal Virus Database http://life.anu.edu.au/viruses/welcome.html

USDA - Plants Database：http://plants.usda.gov

Biosafety related websites

Biosafety Information Network and Advisory Service：http://binas.unido.org/binas

The International Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology（ An international organization dedicated to advanced research and training in molecular biology and biotechnology , with special regard to the needs of the developing world.）： http://www.icgeb.trieste.it

OECD's Work on Environmental Health and Safety： http://www.oecd.org/ehs

UNEP International Register on Biosafety ：http://irptc.unep.ch/biodiv

http://www.rff.org/nat_resources/biodiversity.htm
http://www.wwf.org

http://www.nature.com

http://www.panda.org

http://www.york.biosis.org

http://www.usgcrp.gov

http://www.iisd.ca

http://www3.undp.org/biod/bio.html

http://www.grida.no

http://www.ec.gc.ca